From reading the Epic of Gilgamesh from the Sumerian culture and from both reading parts of Last Judgment of Hunefer, and looking at the pyramids of the Egyptian culture, I would say that the two culture’s outlook on death are very different from one another.
In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is absolutely crushed when his best friend, Enkidu dies. After his death, Gilgamesh is unable to stop grieving and can’t stop fixating on his own death. He then decides to find Utnapishtim and ask him how he might have Eternal life. After a series of events, Gilgamesh fails to achieve eternal life.
I think this epic says a lot about how the Sumerians felt uncertain and scared of death. If they were more comfortable with it, I don’t think Gilgamesh would have grieved for Enkidu as he did, and I don’t think he would have sought out eternal life as he did.
In The Last Judgement of Hunefer, Hunefer is led through the judgement hall and tested to see if he is worthy to pass through to the next life. According to the Book of the Dead, there were 42 sins he needed to claim he was innocent of. Some of the things on the list seem impossible to be innocent of, but Hunefer passed the test. I think if the people of Ancient Egypt were more scared of death, the tale of Hunefer would be much more stressful and have more obstacles for the hero to overcome. I think one of the reasons they don’t seem scared of death is because of all the preparations they make. The Egyptian people are famous for their elaborate preservation of their bodies and for the pyramid burial chambers. I think it made it easier for them to look at death with less fear because they knew the care their bodies would get post mortem.
ALthough both The Epic of Gilgamesh and The Last Judgement of Hunefer deal a lot with death, I think their feelings towards death differ dramatically. It’s interesting to see how things like how a culture deals with death can affect it’s literature so much.